My experience with two 10F hives in the hills in Perth foothills for last winter.
The hives went into winter with healthy populations, with honey on the outer frames of the brood box and with a single super with 4 and 5 frames of capped honey above the Q/E this was at the end of April.
By late August they hadn’t used any of the honey in the supers but the brood nest had shrunk down by a couple of frames and the honey in the brood box was now moved in against the smaller brood nest, with lots of pollen being collected.
Early October the honey stores in the supers was reduced by a couple of frames which coincide with an explosion of brood in the brood box now back up to 7/8 frames of brood/larvae, by late October these stores had been replaced and other frames in the super were being filled.
The Q/E remained in place the whole time. There was obviously enough forage over the winter to sustain the brood box with the additional resources in the super only being required when the population kicked off for the season.
Sorry forgot to mention these were traditional 10F supers, not flow supers.